Micromechanical analysis of elasticity and hardness of a multilayer golf ball
There is a growing need for advanced testing techniques to support both the innovation processes and ongoing quality control of sporting goods. This application report shows how micromechanical analysis can be used to determine locally the mechanical properties of internal structure of a golf ball.
Modern multilayer golf balls feature elastomeric layers and a core that primarily determine their rebound and spin properties. Elastomers, composed of cross-linked polymer chains, are both elastic and viscous, enabling them to endure significant deformations and return to their original shape, critical for the golf ball's trajectory.
A typical golf ball has a soft elastomer core, usually made of polybutadiene, surrounded by mantle layers composed of ethylene ionomer or thermoplastic polyurethane. These layers transition to a progressively stiffer structure, enhancing control over the ball's trajectory. The outer urethane cover improves feel and control, while the core, mantle, and cover properties determine deformation dynamics, speed, spin, and trajectory.
Key properties such as hardness, elastic modulus, and creep must be carefully controlled during quality checks and development. The Shore hardness test, commonly used for bulk elastomers and rubber, is insufficient for characterizing modern layered golf balls. Instrumented indentation, on the other hand, provides detailed insights into hardness, elasticity, and viscoelasticity, making it ideal tool for developing new structures and ensuring quality control.
This application report demonstrates how instrumented indentation with the Anton Paar MCT³ can measure elasticity and creep properties of different layers, core and cover in a three-layer golf ball.
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